这是 一直夫妇 的第 684 篇文章
本文 907 字,预计阅读 3min
今天我们来学习三组同义替换,两个形容词,以及一个短语。我所挑出来的这些词汇不仅可以用在阅读、翻译、写作中,还会在听力中出现,大家要引起重视哦。
严格来说,它们应该是「同近义替换」。因为很少会有一个单词与另一个单词完全相同的情况。
01
cement 巩固
cement = consolidate
Nvidia also had the forethought to invest in two areas that helped cement its supremacy.
译文:英伟达也很有先见之明,它在两个领域的投资帮助巩固了自己的霸主地位。
cement
四级词汇 + 考研词汇
这个单词原本是个名词,指「水泥」,比如 a bag of cement 是「一袋水泥」。于是,作动词时,cement 可表示「在……上抹水泥」,把砂石等材料粘合在一起,建筑物会更加牢固。所以它的引申义是 to make a relationship firm and strong「加强,巩固」关系等。因此,我们有时可以用它来替代 strengthen。
Nothing cements a friendship between countries so much as trade.
贸易最能增强国家间的友谊。
再来看一个好玩的《经济学人》例句,跟知名投资公司软银有关。
The highest-profile believer was SoftBank, which poured $1bn into Wirecard in 2019, assuaging other investors’ growing doubts—and cementing its own reputation as one of the world’s least discerning tech investors.
这家公司最高调的信徒是软银,2019 年向 Wirecard 注入了 10 亿美元,缓解了其他投资者渐增的疑虑,却让自己「世界上眼力最差科技投资者之一」的名声更加深入人心。
02
underlying 根本的
underlying = fundamental
Many of its underlying causes, though, are in themselves welcome. As people have become richer they have tended to have fewer children.
译文:然而,这种现象的许多底层原因本身却是好事。人们富裕后往往更少生孩子。
underlie
underlying 派生自动词 underlie,意思是 to be the basis or cause of sth「构成某事的基础;作为某事的原因」。这个动词的特殊点在于它不用于被动语态。
Psychological problems very often underlie apparently physical disorders.
明显的生理疾病下常常隐藏着心理问题。
underlying
六级词汇 + 考研词汇
既然是某事的构成基础,说明这往往是最根本的。因此对应的形容词 underlying 表示 important in a situation but not always easily noticed or stated clearly「根本的;潜在的」,类似 fundamental。所以,以后如果想表示「根本原因」,除了用 root cause 之外,还可以说 underlying cause。2023 年 3 月的六级听力中刚刚考过。
The researchers assert that ifs important to address each person's underlying cause of loneliness, whether it's the death of a spouse, medical problems, or social expectations that haven't been fulfilled.
研究人员认为,重要的是要解决每个人孤独的根本原因,无论是配偶去世、医疗问题,还是没有实现的社会期望。
03
opt for 选择
opt for = choose, select
Many organisers opt for the great outdoors, perhaps in the belief that the sublime will unleash authenticity.
译文:许多组织者选择野外活动,也许是相信壮丽的自然景观会令人的真性情得到释放。
opt for
提到「选择」,choose 无疑是多数人的第一选择。但老用它也不是事儿,有没有其他方案?Sure. 短语 opt for sth 同样可以表示 to choose one thing or do one thing instead of another「选择」。碳定价是近两年的热门术语,我们来看《经济学人》的报道。
Carbon prices can also change the behaviour of consumers, encouraging them to opt for a train, bus or boat where available. 碳定价还可改变消费者的行为,鼓励他们尽量选择火⻋、⻓途客⻋或轮船。
opt to do sth
而如果想表示「选择做某事」,我们可以用 opt to do sth 来替换 choose to do sth。2019 年 6 月六级第一套的阅读中有用过该短语。
But others opted to lie, and they showed increased activity in their frontal parietal control network, which is involved in difficult or complex thinking.
但有些则选择撒谎,他们显示出大脑额顶叶控制网络活增加,这一组织用于从事困难或复杂的思维活动。
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