Castellani is a surname that is common in Italy, particularly in the regions of Tuscany, Umbria, and Campania. The name may have originated from the Latin word "castellanus," which means someone who belongs to or lives in a castle or fortress. It may also refer to someone who has the occupation of a castle custodian or guard. In modern times, Castellani is commonly used as a family name. Notable people with this surname include Italian artist Enrico Castellani and Italian football player and manager Fabio Castellani.